EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF COMPUTER APPLICATION IN MODERN DAY BANKING SYSTEM

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

      The banking industry constitutes one of the pillars in which the economy of any nation rests. The computer has massive effect. On the nature, quality and structure of works almost everywhere there by becoming largely responsible for the emergency of the modern post industrial societies. Proper application of the computer is a major technical factor affecting organization efficiency and culture worldwide.

      In the past decades, the introduction of workstation and powerful networking devices have put computer on the desk of offices. It has continues to play a central role in the operation of many corporations while other forms of computing are used in business in various capacities, the largest place in the e-banking environment such as banking health care government, insurance e.t.c.

The results of the use of computer union bank in banking sector include:

1. E-banking:- Electronic banking also use electronic technology as a substitute for cheque and other paper transactions.
2. ATM:- Automatic teller machine- these are electronic terminal that permit banking transaction almost any time. To withdraw cash, make deposits or transfer fund, between accounts, the user generally insert the ATM card, enter the personal identification number (PIN).

     The use of the ATM is increasing over the years.

3. Direct deposit:- it permit the user to authorize specific deposits, such as pay cheques and social security cheques, to the account on regular basic.
4. PC- banking:- personal computer banking permit customer to handle may banking transaction via- the pc. The customer may use the computer to view the account balance request, transfer between accounts and pay bills electronically.
5. Point of sale transfer:- this allows the user to pay for purchase with a debit card, which also may be the ATM card.
6. Paying bills on:- line: this is a process whereby remote terminal is linked directly in to the processor.

     The following are steps involves with setting yup an on-line paying program.

• First the user must decide if bills are going to be paid through the bank (assuming the banks offer the service) or through a third party vendor.
• Check out the on-line banking fees to help the user make the decision.
• Once the user have set up the account with the bill paying service provider, the user will have to input the address, homes and phone numbers of the payees, as well as the number for each of the accounts.
• Many banks offer lower checking accounts to customer who refers to bank ATM, phone or computer and every few charges on individual account access.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF THE STUDY.

Bank and other financial institution to the channeling of funds from areas of surplus to area of deficit and there by ensure that no sector of the economy is neglected.

This is to assess the physical condition of the various facilities provided in the study area.

To examine strategies of the impact of computer application in modern day banking system in the study area ,this brings to tight the problem inherit(when the banking industry was without computer application) in the fact that a quality, a banking services that do not meet the expectation of customers dissatisfy them.

Nwankwo G.O. in this book writes banking is a dynamic service industry which changes with and adopts to the changing requirement of the economy with its services.

For these transactions, computer can be employed in maintaining the records.

However, many people were still in debt whether the introduction of computer to the banking system could have many relative advantages the question thus is, what are those relative virtues of the computer over the manual system.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY.

AIM          

To examine the challenges due to the impact of computer application in modern day banking system with the view to improve upon computer application practices.

Objectives

1. To assess the physical condition of the various facilities provided in the study.
2. To identify problems confronting the management of the property.
3. To examine strategies of the computer application in the study area.
   • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Most especially, this research project is not being carried out to bring out any significance; it may have with most especially, this research project is not being carried out tom bring out any significance, if may have with any other work already done in this area but mostly importantly, it is aimed at bringing out into focus, the challenges of the impact of computer application in union bank along saw mill Odo okun, Ilorin.

• SCOPE OF THE STUDY

There is always a limited scope in any research work. The scope of this research is therefore on impact of computer application using union bank along saw mill Odo okun, Ilorin as a case study.

• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Time constraint and finance were major limitation time constraint on the part of I writers of this project because I lacked adequate time to carry out necessary things and gathering all information needed.

Financial also barrier on the side of I writers of this project. Furthermore, the response of the respondents to the questions asked is not guaranteed, some may respond and respond correctly while others may not respond or even respond incorrectly.

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

Computer like other electronic equipment uses electricity to work with battery and called battery powered computers. Every computer work on the instructions given to it, which determines what, it does and how it is done.

The numbers and letter given to the computer are known as data computer stores the data and the instructions on its memory, uses the instruction to work on the data cold bring out the answer mostly called the output or information in a way human being can understand it.

Computer has revolutionized the entire business world most especially, the banking industries which have must to tend with as a result of large number of customers.

The computer means different thing to different people to some, it is a terrible complex invention, which is best avoided, while to other it is the “ultimate” solution to all problems. These are two examples of several misconceptions about computer while the formal depicts an over whelming technological development the letter view is rather simplicity as it invariably leads to disappointment and trust ration.

• DEFINITION OF COMPUTER

Computer is an electronic device that accepts, stores and process data to gives information for management decision making.

A computer is also defines as electronic, which accepts appropriate input signal, process the input in accordance to set of rules and present the products (output) in a predetermined form.

According to Hard Lucas (1972), computer is equipment, which is capable of being programmed to handle many different types of information to watch the needs of particular situation.

The computers have been linked to brain which can be trained to lope with specific problem. They store information in their memory and can also draw in other source for input devices.         

• CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER

Computers are classified into different categories with the following parameters.

1. Purpose
2. Data type

• Generations

1. Size

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON PURPOSE

Computer are classified by the purpose for which they are made into four categories, which are purpose, data type, generation and size

1. PURPOSE: These are computer that are designed specially for a particular operation. They can only handle the specific operation they are designed for air trafic control, computer used in the army of war, some clinical computer such as hood analyzer.
2. DATA TYPE: The largest fastest and most expensive computer system. It is a time with high degree of accuracy. Examples are Gray x-Mp, Cyber 205.

• GENERATIONS: These computers are designed as to save as a wide variety of problems and not restricted like special purpose. E.g. personal computer.

1. SIZE: This is based on out big and small the computers are. I.e. their physical size. It must be noted that today’s technology, the bigger a computer is the large its internal memory and faster is its processing speed.
   • WHAT IS BANKING

These are some terms which seemingly in the way they are used in the content of this project here operational definition of term or words needing explanation are definition in their technical sense.

ACCOUNTING: This is the act of recording; classifying summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money business transaction in such a way that the transaction will be kept.

INTERPRETATION: It is a function of accounting, is the interpretation of summaries date in such a manner that the end user can make meaning judgment about the financial condition.

CLASSIFICATION: record data are fairly useless unless the can be classified so that all similar item can be grouped together to distinguish them from the similar one and thereafter aggregated.

RECORDING: The acts of recording invade putting to writing or in computer, transaction of financial character reasonable.

COMPUTERISATION: This is the process where by all the accounting classifying, interpretations are be recorded in the computer.

COMPUTER: this is an electronic machine that can store, organize and final information also calculating and control other machine. It can also be defined as an electronic device which accepts dater through the input unit, process dater through the central process unit and gives out the output device.

SAVING ACCOUNT: These are customer account designed to exchanges small saving on which interest is paid.

FIXED DEPORT ACCOUNTING: this is account designed for customers that want to keep huge amount of money which are kept for fixed period of time or year for certain purpose and dept want to use for immediate usage.

BALANCED SHEET: this are financial report on the financial position of company at a particular period usually year ending.      

• ROLE AND FUNTION OF BANKING IN NIGERIA

There are so many problems, encountered in the use of role and function systems baning (saving and current account) system. In saving department of the bank, customers account are identified by the use of control which may be ordinary or advanced than code for ordinary control ranges from 01 to 15 semicolon, the figure to the right to the colon.

The example, 01-358 represent Mr Ayoola A.d accont number writing as follow:-

ACCOUNT NUMBER                              NAME

01-338                               A.D AYOOLA

01-339                               T.G TIAMIYU

01-340                               O.C HUSSEIN

The control consist of boxes which store ledgers, the ledgers serve the function of telling the bank of a customers account state next while passbook serve as to show customers their deposition and it also shows the number of withdrawals.

At the end of the day’s job, the credit ledgers are separated and each (debt and credit) ledger is summed up and added or subtracted from their previous balance. The summed up is done manually by an adding machine the cashier has to balance the debt and credit sides of each customer and at this junction, there may be 5,000 to 10,000 ledger which have to be balanced up for the day and total balance transferred up to the former ledger which tells the total amount of the money in a box, the result of adding the balance of each box is transferred to the general ledger which tells the sum total of money in the savings department.

All these process sometimes takes the cashier three or four day the balance up and this slows down the rate of work in the savings department in the bank.

MODERN DAY BANKING AND COMPUTER SYSTEM

The history of bank started with the opening of the colonial bank offices in Lagos, Jos and port – Harcourt in 1917, in 1925, Barclays bank DCO acquired and changed it’s name to Barclay bank DCO (Dominion, colonial and overseas) which is good example of the mixed bank.

With the relative development of the bank, the following years branches were opened in various parts of the country e.g. Aba branch was opened in 1926, Ijebu – ode in 1931, Bida in 1953, Katsina in 1955 and the branches at Kano, Kaduna, Ibadan, Ilorin and sapele opened in 1937.

Following the federal government directive in 1968, which all companies including banks must be incorporated in Nigeria in 1969 and it was rename Barclays bank or Nigeria limited with its head office. Formally at 40, marina street, Lagos has been moved to Victoria Island.

As a result of the Nigeria enterprises promotion, decree of 1972 and 1977, the federal government of Nigeria acquires 52% of bank’s share learning just 40% for Barclays bank plc while the remaining 8% was taken up the Nigeria public. The bank sold 505 of its share to the Nigeria public in 1979, thus reduces its shares to 20%.

After this development, the banks name was changed again to union bank of Nigeria limited and recently UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC to reflect a new ownership structure.

Federal government                   52%

Private Nigeria Investor             28%

Barclays bank plc                     20%

With the new name, the bank is now on indigenous bank and no longer a subsidiary of Barclays bank plc although Barclays bank still offers both technical and correspondent services as in past.

Today, union bank was well over 22 branches nation wide and branch in London. It has a work force of over eleven thousand employee of which fire are expatriation and are in specialized field, fire training centres located at Yaba and Ijora both in Lagos state, port – Harcourt, Jos and Zaria. The bank also has an asset base of about #96 billions and liquid property of over #2 billion.